RESUMO
Objective To compare the medial and lateral rotations of the shoulders and the distances between the coracoid process and the cubital fossa of non-athletic individuals to those of elite squash players. Method The cross-sectional study was performed between March and August 2017. Male and female non-athletes ( n = 628) were selected at the Orthopedic Emergency Service of our institution. The inclusion criteria were: age between 18 and 60 years, no physical disabilities or cognitive impairments and absence of pain in the upper limbs. Elite squash players ( n = 30) of various nationalities were selected at an event held in our city. All of the athletes had practiced this sport under high performance requirements for > 10 years and/or 10.000 hours, and all were asymptomatic. Demographic and clinical data were collected through interviews, while physical examinations and shoulder assessments were performed by a single orthopedic practitioner. Results If compared with non-athletes, elite squash players presented significant ( p < 0.001) mean losses of 23°34' in medial rotation and significant ( p < 0.003) mean gains of 10°23' in lateral rotation of the dominant shoulders. There was a significant difference ( p < 0.008) between non-athletes and athletes regarding the distance between the coracoid process and the cubital fossa in the dominant arm. Conclusion Intensive squash practice causes adaptive changes that trigger glenohumeral medial rotation deficit, accompanied by significant lateral rotation gain, and can generate pathogenic alterations in the shoulder.
RESUMO
Abstract Objective To compare the medial and lateral rotations of the shoulders and the distances between the coracoid process and the cubital fossa of non-athletic individuals to those of elite squash players. Method The cross-sectional study was performed between March and August 2017. Male and female non-athletes (n = 628) were selected at the Orthopedic Emergency Service of our institution. The inclusion criteria were: age between 18 and 60 years, no physical disabilities or cognitive impairments and absence of pain in the upper limbs. Elite squash players (n = 30) of various nationalities were selected at an event held in our city. All of the athletes had practiced this sport under high performance requirements for > 10 years and/or 10.000 hours, and all were asymptomatic. Demographic and clinical data were collected through interviews, while physical examinations and shoulder assessments were performed by a single orthopedic practitioner. Results If compared with non-athletes, elite squash players presented significant (p < 0.001) mean losses of 23º34' in medial rotation and significant (p < 0.003) mean gains of 10º23' in lateral rotation of the dominant shoulders. There was a significant difference (p < 0.008) between non-athletes and athletes regarding the distance between the coracoid process and the cubital fossa in the dominant arm. Conclusion Intensive squash practice causes adaptive changes that trigger glenohumeral medial rotation deficit, accompanied by significant lateral rotation gain, and can generate pathogenic alterations in the shoulder.
Resumo Objetivo Comparar as rotações medial e lateral dos ombros e as distâncias entre o processo coracoide e a fossa cubital de indivíduos não atletas e de jogadores profissionais de squash. Método O estudo transversal foi realizado entre março e agosto de 2017. Não atletas do sexo feminino e masculino (n = 628) foram selecionados no Serviço de Emergência Ortopédica da nossa instituição. Os critérios de inclusão foram: idade entre 18 e 60 anos, ausência de deficiências físicas ou cognitivas e ausência de dor nos membros superiores. Jogadores profissionais de squash (n = 30) de várias nacionalidades foram selecionados em um evento realizado em nossa cidade. Todos os atletas praticavam seu esporte em alto nível há > 10 anos e/ou 10.000 horas, e todos eram assintomáticos. Os dados demográficos e clínicos foram coletados por entrevista, enquanto os exames físicos e de ombro foram realizados por um único consultor ortopédico. Resultados Em comparação com os não atletas, os jogadores profissionais de squash apresentaram perdas médias significativas (p < 0,001) de 23º34' na rotação interna e significativos (p < 0,003) ganhos médios de 10º23' na rotação externa dos ombros dominantes. Houve diferença significativa (p < 0,008) entre não atletas e atletas quanto à distância entre o processo coracoide e a fossa cubital no braço dominante. Conclusão A participação intensiva no squash provoca alterações adaptativas que dão origem ao déficit de rotação interna glenoumeral, acompanhadas de significativo ganho de rotação externa, e podem gerar alterações patogênicas no ombro.
